Uniqlo Written Proposal - 1688 Words

Introduction to Business Written Proposal Introduction: This report is about Uniqlo’s competitive environment using Michael Porter’s Five Force Model. Uniqlo is a Japanese company which engages in designing casual wear clothes, manufacturing clothes and retailing clothes. Uniqlo in Hong Kong has established a profitable business constantly recording extremely high sales on a per store basis. Uniqlo offers fashionable and high quality clothing at reasonable prices, and was seized as an opportunity to establish a brand position domestically and internationally. 1. Existing Rivalry 1.1 Number of direct competitors: Gap, Bossini, Zara, Giordano, and Hamp;M are the direct competitors of Uniqlo. As the numbers of direct competitors†¦show more content†¦The clothes are fashionable, designs are innovative and unique. Also Hamp;M’s clothing style is European-style and it is selling the latest trends. Thirdly, Uniqlo’s clothes quality is not as good as its competitors because its suppliers are manly from China and as China is a developing country with the technology factor lacking behind. The cloth supplies are not of good quality. Whereas, Uniqlo‘s competitor GAP’s clothes are better. Because GAP brand’s Clothes are of good quality. Gap’s suppliers are from advanced countries like U.S.A and UK. Finally, Uniqlo is not using online shopping method. This causes Unilqlo having fewer sales. However Hamp;M and GAP have online shopping, which attract customers who purchase products online due to their busy life. Substitutability is higher because of this factor when customers couldn’t buy products of Uniqlo online they will choose another companies to buy from which are selling online. From these, we can see that Uniqlo have large number of substitutes, therefore, the substitutability is high. 4. Bargaining power of customers 4.1 Number of customers Uniqlo have gained profit by expanding its business in Asian countries. Each individual Asian nation continued to generate double-digit growth in same-store sales. From increasing sales, we can see that Uniqlo have many customers. And their bargaining power is strong, as their demand for Uniqlo products is increasing. 4.2 DominantShow MoreRelatedDebonairs Pizza Product-Market Expansion Growth Strategies27204 Words   |  109 PagesAssessments, for examinations The complaint will be logged. The complaint will then be investigated and a final response will be provided to the complainant within 30 days. A proposal, remedy or redress will be included in the response. Where the complainant is not satisfied with either the investigation or the outcome, a further written complaint may be made to the Registrar: Academic. The Registrar: Academic will respond within 30 days following further investigation. 6.5.3 Appeals (Refer to Appendix

The Imporatnce of Weather in Wuthering Heights - 470 Words

The Imporatnce of Weather in Wuthering Heights In Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontà « makes use of atmospheric conditions to emphasize events and highlight the mood of the characters in the story. The Yorkshire moors are known for their harsh beauty and sometimes desolate landscape. This theme of a rough countryside filled with hidden beauties and seasonal storms fits well into the storyline of Wuthering Heights. The title of the novel and the name of the Earnshaws dwelling is used by Emily Brontà «s to project the overall mood of the book. She herself writes that the word Wuthering [is] a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which†¦show more content†¦When Nelly begins to tell the story of the two neighbouring households, she describes Old Mr. Earnshaw setting out to Liverpool on a fine summer morning (p.34). Yet, when Old Mr. Earnshaw dies she relates that A high wind blustered round the house, and roared in the chimney; it sounded wild and stormy (p. 41). Emily Brontà « often uses the weather to accentuate the personality traits and moods of the characters throughout the novel. The countrysides sometimes savage weather compares well to Heathcliffs temperament. Heathcliff disapears for days on end into this desolate landscape and seems to be most at home when wandering about in the moors. He is quick to fly into a rage, like a winter storm beating at Wuthering Heights with wind and hail. Heathcliffs storms of rage often abate, but they can fly into full force without care for anything or anyone around him like the force of mother nature on the moors. Like a winter storm, Heathcliffs strength cannot remain with him forever. At the end of the novel, Heathcliffs rage has abated, and he has lost the will to render any more harm, with his death a stormy period in the history of the Earnshaws and the Lintons has passed. The final pages of this novel leave the reader with a

North Korea’s Nuclear Program Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the North Koreas Nuclear Program. Answer: Introduction North Korea has been causing serious threats to the rest of the world with their nuclear weapons. The conflict is not only between South Korea and USA but also with other western countries and the concerns of other countries like China, Japan and Russia are also associated with it so powerful countries cannot make any move like they did with Iraq (Boyle, 2017). North Korea has already announced to the world that they possess multiple nuclear weapons. Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty North Korea demands USA to sign the peace treaty that should pronounce that USA will not attack North Korea and also they demand compensation as they are not selling nuclear weapons to other countries (Chanlett-Avery Rinehart, 2014). North Korea is too concerned for their self defense and they have promised to the world to continue making the nuclear weapons and holds USA as the primary enemy. On the other hand USA demands North Korea should stop making and exporting nuclear weapons and should join the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty again (Gleeson, 2016). China will not allow and support any USA military action against North Korea and South Korea is in fear that another Korean war might bring severe damage for both the countries. Currently North Korea is trying to export nuclear weapons to other enemy countries of USA like Iran (Haines, 2016). USA and Japan are struggling to stop North Koreas illegal exporting. Hostile relationship with most countries Korea has always been in a hostile relationship with other countries, especially with USA and South Korea. Though their nuclear weapon has been making much noise now, but the country has been experimenting and creating chemical, biological and nuclear weapons since its independence. North Korea had signed the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT) in 1985 but when the International Atomic Energy Agency wanted to inspect their atomic waste North Korea threatened to quit the treaty (Nikitin, 2013). In the 1994 Geneva USA-DPRK agreement North Koreas promised to abandon the nuclear testing was shattered with their enriched Uranium production (Seo, 2015). Failure of Six Party Talks The Six Party Talks was involved USA, China, South Korea, Japan, Russia and North Korea proved to be futile and North Korea continued its nuclear testing (Bajoria Xu, 2013). In 2002 American President George W. Bush marked North Korea as an evil nation planning for mass destruction by acquiring nuclear weapons along with Iraq and Iran (Lee, 2017). As a result North Korea withdrew its membership from NPT and in 2003 the country announces it has active nuclear weapons. North Koreas successful testing of the nuclear program worried the United Nations and they demanded immediate suspension of the program. In the Six Party Talk in Beijing North Korea refused to allow any monitoring by international inspectors in the potential nuclear experiment sites. In 2013 under the leadership of Kim Jong Un the nation conducted nuclear test for the third time (Kim, 2015). Last year North Korea successfully tested a hydrogen bomb and on September 3rd of this month it has tested another nuclear weapon for the sixth time (Ye Hee Lee, 2017). More severe than World War II A group of monitoring inspectors examined the reaction of the testing and concluded that the strength of the bomb that North Korea has tested is twelve times than the Little boy of 1945 (Berkowitz Steckelberg, 2017). Most thinkers and politicians see believe that USA and Northeast Asia cannot fully be secured until the communist dictatorship of Kim Jong Un stops producing nuclear weapons. At the World War II the Japanese nuclear bombing by the United States shocked every global citizen with its mass destruction (Walker, 2016). After the nuclear bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki the world has not experienced any nuclear bombing but North Korea is demonstrating the power to repeat the damage with is progressing nuclear experimentation and successful testing. Highly powerful arsenal After discussing the gradual development of North Koreas nuclear testing it can be said that North Koreas threat to the global security is getting worse every day. It was reported that by 2015 North Korea had fissile element capable of producing more than 20 missiles (Aljazeera.com, 2016). The nation has increased its capacity in alarming quantity in last few years and still continues. The director general of IAEA Yukiya Amano published a report in 2017 stating that the Uranium plant in Yongbyon has been doubled in size by the North Korean government (Iaea.org, 2017). The Institute for Science and International Security has calculated that the Plutonium and Uranium enrichment and production is able to providing enough material for producing six nuclear weapons within 1.5 years (The Guardian, 2016). The way the North Korean Government is enhancing the enrichment facilities the production capacity will increase by 50%. However these are all estimation from distance as the country maint ains extremely high security and isolation so exact amount of nuclear strength is yet to be discovered. It is estimated that in the worst scenario, by 2024 North Korea can achieve about 100 nuclear weapons (Tobey, 2017). Therefore the threat that North Korea creates for the world right now right now will be increased by 5 times. As currently the country has limited nuclear weapons now it has limited capability but it can easily be assumed that if such amount of power the country achieves in reality, it will adapt more aggressive attitude towards the world. with more nuclear power the dictatorship of Kim Jong Un will have more authority and strength over most other countries and the threats will be more frequent and to more number of countries. Demonstration of Power This is highly potential to encourage the nuclear war within Korean Peninsula and with other western countries that North Korea sees as enemies like USA. Such attacks have already been initiated by North Korea like the North Koreas artillery attack on Yeonpyeong Island and Republic of Koreas Cheonan sinking in 2010 (Ku, 2015). With increasing nuclear weaponry Pyongyang is likely to increase such attacks in more numbers. The weapon export and delivery system capability will get increased as well by more fissile materials. The country will not require much military strength with the increased arsenal. The country is increasing its nuclear testing as it was twice in the last year but before that it was three years back. North Koreas range of ballistic missiles will be in more number as lighter, smaller weapons will be produced with more investment. North Koreas progression to more developed nuclear weapons can be seen with their capability of producing lithium 6 (Micallef, 2017). Harmful allies North Korea will also increase the sales of nuclear weapons around the world. The country has already exported various weapons to multiple countries. North Korea has sold Libya harmful missiles, plutonium reactor to Syria and trying to sell nuclear weapons to Iran (Kerr, Nikitin Hildreth, 2014). With a smaller infrastructure, creating nuclear weapon is costly compare to army capability but with larger structure the cost will be decreased. To earn trust and investments it is likely that North Korea will sell more number of nuclear weapons. The country has been testing the developed nuclear weapons at regular interval but as the speed of development has increased the chance of accidents has also increased. The risk major accidents or launching are higher with more and more experiments. The Corruption The growth in fissile material may increase the chance for nuclear theft. Though North Korea maintains strict policies but the country is one of the most corrupt countries in the world. The Transparency International ranked North Korea in the 174th in the list of corrupt nations (Sile, 2017). It has often been on news that Kim Jong Un has fires many of his defense officials because of corruption. Above that the involvement of Russia makes the security apparatus highly risky. All these are making the North Korea nuclear problem very complicated and potentially harmful for the rest of the world. Addressing danger of North Koreas Nuclear Program The threats created by the North Korean nuclear program can be addressed in various ways. From USA to UN North Korea has been offered several inducements to stop their nuclear weaponry program. North Korea managed to get money and necessary nuclear materials for years. Under the leadership of Kim Jong Un North Korea will continue making nuclear bombs as they believe it to be their ultimate survival strategy. North Korea took lesson from Iraq war where Saddam Hussein had to die before he could acquire nuclear bombs. Kim Jong Un does not want to end up like Saddam Hussein (Fish, 2017). So Kim Jong Un initiated nuclear program that is advancing fast. So far they have developed multiple nuclear weapons and launched satellites now they are trying to set the nuclear weapon at the top of the rockets and control well they can destroy a city by just pushing a button. Strategy of diplomatic self isolation Kim Jong Un has taken a strategy of diplomatic self isolation that has made his actions unpredictable for neighboring countries and USA (Snyder, 2017). Russia invited North Korea in 2015 Moscow summit but North Korea rejected to be present, above that the nation has distanced itself from China to the world media. The recent nuclear development is significantly influenced by the recent deteriorated relationship with China and Russia. It has become extremely challenging for rest of the nations and media to calculate North Koreas nuclear capability and what exactly it is planning next. The nations are forced to be engaged in miscalculation and wrong assumption which drive the threatened nations to take wrong decisions. An attack can be initiated on North Koreas nuclear facilities but this is highly risky. This initiative might actually start a new war. Wall street journal has advocated that the intercontinental ballistic missiles must be stopped (Terry, 2017). The American Democratic Pa rty has been trying to minimize the nuclear activities since the 80s. During the Korean War USA supported South Korea with nuclear weapons but after few years they had taken back their weapons from South Korea. The USA could give back the nuclear weapons to South Korea. During Cold War, American President George W. Bush withdrew the weapons. The role of USA Administration The USA administration has been addressing the North Korean nuclear issues for long. According to Mike Pence, the Vice President of the USA declared that the strategic patience can no longer be an effective strategy to handle North Koreas ever growing nuclear weaponry (Davenport, 2017). USA has been adapting newer strategies which include military action. The Australian defense minister Ms Bishop also supported and stated that Trump administration is seeking creative and new strategies to address the North Korea challenges. Administrations from various countries have expressed the similar concern that the North Korean nuclear activities are causing serious threat to the global peace through their intentional provocative behavior. The THAAD Program Donald Trump has rejected the Patience strategy developed by Barrack Obama as that has only resulted in stalemate and actually encouraged the illegal nuclear programs. South Korea and the USA collaboratively developed the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense or THAAD system that can obstruct the warheads coming from North Korea (Sankaran Fearey, 2017). The THAAD program not proves a strong alliance between the USA and South Korea but also serious challenge to North Korea. Prevention of the relationship with their allies The American Government has also demonstrated its strength through diverting a navy strike group. The way North Korea is increasing their ally forces with Iran, Libya or Syria USA is also engaged in developing allies with countries like Australia. Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has also suggested China that it should enhance economic and diplomatic pressure over North Korea so that it can reconsider its nuclear strategies (Murphy, 2017). China acts as one of the few allies of North Korea and provides all the direct investment; the maximum of its exports is controlled by China as well. Therefore China holds the power to act as the mediator for any peace initiatives. The concerned nations find China has the decisive power so it must address the issues created by North Korea. The USA are pressurizing the Chinese banks so that they minimize their support to the North Korean elites as they are exploiting the help and making the ordinary citizens suffer. However after the Balli stic Missile test China has announced to cut their imports from North Korea. The American Government has influenced the United Nations Security Council to sanction the iron and coal export of North Korea so that their export earnings get affected and Russia and China showed support (The Guardian, 2017). Humanitarian aid for North Korean Citizens USA has been taking many initiatives to address the nuclear issues and implementing various strategies to prevent them. Despite North Koreas nuclear threats USA has been sending humanitarian aid to starving North Koreans. South Korea is also taking initiatives in developing peace platform as declared by South Koreas newly elected president. Therefore an international collaboration has been taking shape in order to prevent the North Korea from misusing its nuclear power. North Koreas Denuclearization The powerful international nations are searching various methods to pressurize North Korea to become denuclearized. The developed nations should ensure Pyongyang that the sanctions that have been expanded would be relieved if North Korea initiates effective steps towards denuclearization. The international inspectors can enter in the country by rejoining the International Atomic Energy Agency which will ensure the protection for the rest of the country. Role of China in the prevention China proves to be the most significant source of economic leverage for North Korea. Current American President Donald Trump is pressurizing China to desist North Korea (Lovelace Jr, 2017). China is afraid that the fall of Kim Jong Uns regime will result in many complications for the country. The millions of refugees will turn towards China for help and the lack of a powerful competitor will lead USA to become potential threat for China. The USA and South Korea are convincing the World Bank to help the country finding out the trade options and economic opportunities that the denuclearization has to offer. This is becoming effective as the USA and South Korea has convinced the president of China Xi Jingping to enhance the sanctions on North Korea (Miller, 2017). However this can only be materialized if the military troops of the United States will not be permanently placed. They must ensure that the collaboration between the USA and South Korea will be intact after the unification. On the other hand China has been demanding for resumption of a diplomacy that is North Korea centered and figure out the processes of peaceful transformation of the country. Conclusion The nations in the Six Party Talks must should address this and make North Korea understand that the regime change would become the only option for the denuclearization. The parties must develop a pathway that is capable of diplomatic normalization, peaceful coexistence, better governance and denuclearization. USA and South Korea are identifying various levels of provocations that North Korea has been causing and developing a concrete protocol that can be implemented in the ground level and responds swiftly. The Terminal High Altitude Air Defense program jointly developed by South Korea and United States of America possesses effective defense mechanism that can counter North Koreas nuclear weaponry. References Bajoria, J., Xu, B. (2013). The Six Party Talks on North Koreas Nuclear Program.Council on foreign relations,30(9), 2013. Berkowitz, B., Steckelberg, A. (2017).Analysis | North Koreas nuclear tests by the numbers.Washington Post. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/world/north-korea-nuclear-yield/?utm_term=.b094e88b73c9 Boyle, P. (2017). United states: The real nuclear threat.Green Left Weekly, (1149), 3. Chanlett-Avery, E., Rinehart, I. E. (2014). North Korea: US Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation.Current Politics and Economics of Northern and Western Asia,23(3), 333. Davenport, K. (2017). North Korea Review Completed.Arms Control Today,47(4), 32. Fish, I. (2017).Let's stop calling North Korea 'crazy' and understand their motives | Isaac Stone Fish.the Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/apr/13/stop-calling-north-korea-crazy-understand-motives Gleeson, E. (2016). The Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Political Aspects of Nuclear Power in a Modern Context. Haines, J. R. (2016). Foreseeable, foreseen, ignored: is Iran advancing its missile program at home while offshoring its nuclear program to North Korea?.FPRI, E-Notes, https://www. fpri. org/articles/2016/01/foreseeable-foreseenignored-iran-advancing-its-missile-program-home-while-offshoring-its-nuclear-program-north-korea. IAEA and DPRK: Chronology of Key Events | IAEA. (2017).Iaea.org. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/dprk/chronology-of-key-events Kerr, P. K., Nikitin, M. B. D., Hildreth, S. A. (2014). Iran-North Korea-Syria ballistic missile and nuclear cooperation.Current Politics and Economics of the Middle East,5(1), 1. Kim, J. U. (2015). Inflated Hope, Unchanged Reality: China's Response to North Korea's Third Nuclear Test.Asian Perspective,39(1), 27-46. Ku, Y. (2015). Transitory or Lingering Impact? The Legacies of the Cheonan Incident in Northeast Asia.Asian Perspective,39(2), 253-276. Lee, S. (2017). The Art of the Deal for North Korea: The Unexplored Parallel between Bush and Trump Foreign Policy.International Journal of Korean Unification Studies,26(1). Lovelace Jr, D. C. (Ed.). (2017).Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents Volume 145: The North Korean Threat. Oxford University Press. Micallef, J. (2017).North Korea's Nuclear Program: Are We Heading for a Showdown?.Military.com. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/06/05/north-koreas-nuclear-program-are-we-heading-showdown.html Miller, S. (2017).Donald Trump, Xi Jinping of China agree to maximize pressure on North Korea: White House.The Washington Times. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/sep/18/donald-trump-xi-jinping-china-agree-maximize-press/ Murphy, K. (2017).China should cut off North Korea oil supply, Turnbull says.the Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/31/china-should-cut-off-north-korea-oil-supply-says-turnbull Nikitin, M. B. (2013). North korea's nuclear weapons: Technical issues.Current Politics and Economics of Northern and Western Asia,22(3), 377. North Korea able to produce 20 nuclear bombs: experts. (2016).Aljazeera.com. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/north-korea-produce-20-nuclear-bombs-experts-160914045813448.html North Korea may have more than 20 nuclear weapons, warns thinktank. (2016).The Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/15/north-korea-may-have-more-than-21-nuclear-weapons-warns-thinktank Sankaran, J., Fearey, B. L. (2017). Missile defense and strategic stability: Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in South Korea.Contemporary Security Policy, 1-24. Seo, J. (2015). Agreements Without Commitments? The US Congress and the US-North Korea Agreed Framework, 19942002.The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis,27(1), 107-122. Sile, A. (2017).These are the world's most corrupt countries.CNBC. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/24/these-are-the-worlds-most-corrupt-countries.html Snyder, S. (2017).Addressing North Koreas Nuclear Problem.Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.cfr.org/report/addressing-north-koreas-nuclear-problem Terry, S. M. (2017). Hazards on the Road Ahead: The United States and the Korean Peninsula.Asia Policy,23(1), 21-28. Tobey, W. (2017).The North Korean Nuclear Threat Is Getting Worse By the Day.Foreign Policy. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/07/the-north-korean-nuclear-threat-is-getting-worse-by-the-day/ US seeks UN ban on North Korea exports of coal, iron, lead and seafood. (2017).The Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/05/us-seeks-un-ban-on-north-korea-exports-of-coal-iron-lead-and-seafood Walker, J. S. (2016).Prompt and utter destruction: Truman and the use of atomic bombs against Japan. UNC Press Books. Ye Hee Lee, M. (2017).North Koreas latest nuclear test was so powerful it reshaped the mountain above it.Washington Post. Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/09/14/orth-koreas-latest-nuclear-test-was-so-powerful-it-reshaped-the-mountain-above-it/?utm_term=.2dc6b3592da9

Summary Of Orwells 1984 (3011 words) Essay Example For Students

Summary Of Orwells 1984 (3011 words) Essay Summary of Orwells 1984Summary Chapter 1 and 2 We are introduced to Winston Smith the main character of the story. Works at Ministry of truth. Ministry of truth is one of four government buildings in destroyed London, the main city of Airstrip One, a province of Oceania. Year is 1984 and three contries are at war, Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia. Oceania is run by the party whose leader is Big Brother. Winston is sick of his life in the ruined city and decides to keep a diary. This is against the law in Oceania. He felt his feelings begin to hate Emmanuel Goldstein, leader of the enemy party. He also spots OBrien, a party leader whose eyes he sees a bit of political sympthy. Sees young girl who he dislikes. He feels it is only a matter of time before his though crimes are detected. A knock at the door he thinks is police. Mrs. Parsons, his neighbor is at the door and asked him to unclog a sink. He does it but smells sweat all over the apartment. Mrs. Parsons is a follower of party doctrine and a fellow employee at the ministry. The children are members of Spies, a youth that encourages spying and t ellingon traitors, including parents. Winston is revolted. He returns home and writes a couple more minutes before going back to work. He remenbers a dream where OBrien tole him he would meet him in a place wher there is no darkness. He washes his hands and hides the diaryReaction Major ideas, conflicts and themes are introduced. We are shown how the earth has changed, into 3 main contenients. we are also introduced to the main character and how he fits into the new world. Also we are shown how the computer age has taken over peoples minds. The language is easy to understand, it has not really changed much over time. Seems like nothing left after nuclear war, just ruins remaining. We are introduced to Tom Parsons which Winston is contrasted with. The city is very drab. We will write a custom essay on Summary Of Orwells 1984 (3011 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now QuotesBig brother is watching you, the caption beneath it saidThoughtcrime was not a thing that could be concealed for ever.Summary Chapter 3,4 and 5 Waking from dreams, he remembers his mother and sister, and can barely remember their disappearence and feels responsible for there deaths. He has another dream where he is in the perfect countryside with the girl he had noticed eariler. He dreamed she stripped for him. This time he is woken up by the telescreen, telling him to do his exercises. He thinks about how much power the Party has over all information. Begins work at the ministry of truth. His job is to correct printed articles in line with the Partys orders. The Ministry and records department jobs are to rewrite history to make the party look good. They get a break because of the 2 minute hate. When he gets back he replaces a speech by Big Brother with invented history. Makes up story about a man named Ogilvy. The article had become contrary to the present party policy. It is replaced asthough is never existed. Winston meets Syme, a philologist, for lunch. Syme explains parts about Newspeak. They are joined by Parsons. Winston thinks of the fate that each co-worker will recieve. Syme will be vapourized because he is to smart, where Parsons is dull enough to escape vapourization. He is the only one who has not been taken over by the propaganda that is always being brodcast. He notices the same girl from the other day starring at him and thinks it is the thought police. Reaction The Golden country that he dreams about is definatly a release or afreedom from the the drabness of London. Also from the party. We areintroduced to the fact that he has no mother or father or sisters orbrothers anymore because they were taken by the party. He is realizing that he is rebelling against the party and he understands that he is at risk. Winston is in search of the truth and is concerned because of the partys ability to change history. We find that he likes his work even though it is for the party and against morals. He is introduced to the girl that will play a big part in the book most likely. QuotesPeople in the Records Department did not talk readily about there jobs.Winstons greatest pleasure in life was his workSummary Chapter 6,7 and 8 He records in his diary and encounter a couple of years ago with aprostiture mad up to look young, but was really and old woman. This menory of the encounter causes him to think of the policy regarding sex and marriage which the party has enforced. Thsi causes him to theink of his miserable life with his wife Katherine, that he has not seen in eleven years. Winston resents the intrusinon of the Party into the sex lives of its members. Also realizes the discouragement of sexual enjoyment, that makes any love affair with a party member impossible. Writing down the incident does not help him. He makes another entry in his diary, this one concerning the proles. He feels they are the only group that might overthrough the party, but they are unaware of it. There is no way of finding the truth about the past but he does think that present life is worse than the past. He remembers a photo that came into his possession trying to change the pastbut he destroyed it. He plans to stay free. After work one evening, he wonders into the prole end of London, and ends up near the store where he bought the diary. Follows man into pub and plans to ask him about revolution but man is incoherent. He leaves the pub and wanders. He ends up outside the little antique shop and decides to buy a glasspaperweight. Mr. Charrington shows him a room upstairs and Winston dreams of renting it. He notices a dark haired girl following himand he is sure it is the thought police and he will be arrested. .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 , .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 .postImageUrl , .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 , .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946:hover , .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946:visited , .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946:active { border:0!important; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946:active , .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946 .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4302610cc924ce4c25eb1eae40355946:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Othello Argumentative EssayReaction We discover that people have a bond when it comes to sexuallity that the party connot control. Even thought the party rejects sexual relationships between its members. Sexual experience is no longer allowed in the society and Winston longs for one. He confesses in his Diary about his last expereince but it does not help. We find he has faith in the proles and there ability to revolt. It is hard to set up a revolt with the thought police detecting every thought. Winston reaches a crises with the thought police. QuotesWinston reached down and cautiously scratched his varicose ulcerNot a word could ever be proved or disprovedSummary Part 2, Chapter 1,2 and 3 At work he runs into the dark haired girl again, in the hallway. She falls and while he is lifting her up she slips him a note. He reads it at his desk and is amazed to find that it simple states, I love you. Eager and excited to meat with her, he has to wait 7 days until they eat together in the cafeteria. They decide to meet in Victory square. When meeting there, they arrange another meeting next sunday afternoon. At the designated meeting place, in the countryside outside London, he finally learns her name. Julia explains that she considers herself rebelious to the party. She has had sex with many other non-members. Suddenly he walks into the scene exactly like his dreem. She removes her clothes and they have sex. He belives that sexual desire may be the force that destroys the party. Following there secret meeting they meet each othe occasionally. Julie arranges the meetings. They go a month without seeing each other butwhenever they can before and after. She belives that she must pretend to cooperate with the party and in secret break the rules whenever possible. Winston thinks that rebellion is the best answer. They discuss past girl and boyfriends and how the party controls them. Reaction He is ready for the Julia but is worried about a possible trap. Hisnegative approach to life and his sexual fustration make him ready anyhow. Once he commits to her he connot go back and he is committing though crimes. This may be the beginning of the end. He was happy to find that she was not a virgin and had previous affairs. His idea of revolt is changed and he now is enjoying being corrupted. Julia takes charge of the relationship, showing her aggressivness. She does not believe in Winstons ideas on rebellion and thinks that differently. QuotesA sense of helplessness took hold of WinstonBetween you and me, the antique trades just about finishedSummary Chapter 4,5,6 and 7 Winston does rent the room above the antique show and realizes thefoolishness of what he and Julia are doing. She brings him coffee and real sugar and real old-fashioned make-up. Julie tries to remember an old nursry rhyme, while Winston immagines that he and Julia and the room itself were all closed in like the paperweight. Many preperations for the upcoming hate week keep Winston, Julia and the others very busy. Winston discovers that his friend Syme has dissappeared and all records of him have been altered. Meanwhile, Parsons is still busy and happy in the preperations for hate week. He was right about them. Because of the increased work load he and Julia do not meet as much but in the room above the antique shop they look at things from the past and other forbidden things. They discuss the hopelessness of there private rebellion and that it canno t go on forever. He is dissappointed that Julie does not reject propaganda from the partyand her theroy that the party sends bombs on itself. One day at work OBrien gives Winston his address and asked him to stop by so tha he can lend him an advance copy of the Newspeak dictionary. Winston thinks this is a conspiracy against the party and is excited but,thinks it will end in touture and death. Winston dreams of his motheragain and the hunger and awful conditions there were before thedisappearence. He feals bad for asking for rationed food and stealing his sisters chocolate. When he came back they were gone. Winston tries to tell her but she is tired. He is glad him and her have there own feeling toward each other. Reaction He rents room above the antique shop showing his independence and his plunge into the end. He wishes the room could be closed in like the paperweight. We find out how different the two main characters are. The state does not care what kind of person you you are. Julia understanding of the party is much better that Winston although she is nieve to many things that the party does. Winston defines his rebellion in three steps, first the thought then the word(Diary) then the act(Julia). OBrien seems to be a good man, also in rebellion. His mother was like him. QuotesThe timy interior of the shop ws in fact uncomfortably full, butthere was almost nothing in it of the slightest valueA sharp cry of pain was wrung out of herSummary chapter 8,9 and 10 Winston takes Julia to the OBriens apartment. He wonderes is OBrien is also a rebel because he finds him in front of the telescreen, hard at work. Over toast he explains to Winston what is required of the secret rebel brotherhood. They except the terms of the menbership except that they will never see each other ever again. OBrien promises to be given a copy of Emmanuel Goldsteins book, secretly in the future. After a long week, of sorting through millions of documents, changing them to prove that the Partys decision that Easstasia, and not Eurasia, was the enemy thatthey have been fighting all along. He rushes home to read the copy of the book. He reads while lying back and relaxing. Julia falls asleep when he tries to read her sections of it. When they awake from there sleep they start talking, but a voice issues from behind the picture on the wall. It is a hidden telescreen which instructs them not to move. They are rushed by armed guards. The Thought Police had been observing them all along. Winston and Julia are violently seperated. Mr. Charrington enters the room without his disquise, looking much younger. He is a menber of the thought police. .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 , .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 .postImageUrl , .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 , .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1:hover , .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1:visited , .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1:active { border:0!important; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1:active , .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1 .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb0971ec707d22402d5940a8763572f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Hiding Place EssayReaction Winston thinks of OBrein as a strong, unexcitable man. He is dedicated and wholeheartyu to the brotherhood. Winston joins the brotherhood and tells about his dreams. We understand about hate week a little more. Winston reads the book that is given to him by OBrien. Winston and Julia get arrested. They find out that OBrien was the enemy. There was a sorta feeling that OBrien was the bad guy, and they would get cought sonner or later. QuotesHe was a bit earlyThe lane widened, and in a minute he came to the footpath she had told himofSummary Part 3 Chapter 1 and 2 Winston is being held prisoner in a large, crowded cell at the Ministry of Love. Ampleforth and Parsons are both prisoners also. Parsons was tured in by his own daughter for thoughtcrime. He feels increased discomfort and room 101 is continually mentioned by several prisoners. OBrien enters the cell with a guard and Winston now realized he has been betrayed by him. OBrein is a member of the Inner Party. OBrien orders the guard to strike Winston who feels a great deal of pain on his elbow. Winston is tortured both physically and mentally for an unknown length of time. He keeps getting interrogated with beations and questions until he confesses to many crimes. OBrien reveals that he has been watching Winston for seven years. OBrein wants total rehab. from Winston. OBrien explains why the party can never be defeated. He has been informed that Julia quite easily betrayed him and has now been released totally rehabilitated. Winstons questions about room 101 is not answered. Reaction Finally he is caught by the thought police, which was inevidable since the beginning. He realizes that he has been betrayed by Julia and OBrien. But he says he would never betray her. All time is lost while he is in jail. We is going to be rehabilitated and is taken to the dreded 101 for more mind games. Winston does not crack, except that OBrien gets him to believe is a little crasy. QuotesListen the more men you have had the more I love youWe can come here once againSummary Chapter 3 and 4 OBrien tells Winston th esecond stage of his rehab. is about to begin-understanding the why in party. He also tells winston that he wrote sections of Goldstiens book. He says the Party rules for the sake of power, and power alone. The proles will never revolt. OBrein questions him further and punishes him when he does not answer correctly. Winston says he is morally superior to the Party, but OBrien has a tape of the conversation about what Winston was willing to do to join the brotherhood. Winston thinks that the party will be defeated by a noble man, but OBrien shows Winston himself in the mirror. Winston weeps looking at his own aged and ghastly body. He conforts himself by thinking about how he never betrayed Julia. Winstons health is improving, and he is trying to accept the rightness of the party. He examines the past events and realilizes the party was in control the wh ole time. He realizes also that he party canmake anything right if is wants to. He has to practice doublethinking. He wakes up from a troubled sleep, calling Julias name. OBrien enters his room and Winston confesses that he still hates Big Brother. He is sent to room 101. Reaction He had also looked to OBrien for sanity and stength and kindness but now he sees what he really is a power-hungry guy who likes infliction of pain. He finds out he has been watched for 7 years. After being broken or cracked he still has the fact that he has not turned against Julia. They completely destroyed Winston and he has now entered the party. QuotesHave you heard the rumours of the existance of the brotherhood.The brotherhood cannot be wiped out because it is not an orgainizationin the ordinary senseHe was tired, but not sleepy any longerSummary Chapter 5 and 6 The torture room is brightly lit, room 101. OBrien says that the room contains the worst thing in the world. It turns out to be rats in a cage which can be strapped over his face. Winston yells and screems and is overcome by the horror and the terror. He screams that this punishment should be given to Julia and not him. OBrien spares his life. Winston is then released. He is sitting under a tree at the Chestnut Tree Cafe. He drinks very heavily now. He remembers meeting Julia and how they talked about how they betrayed each other. The party would not allow them to see each other, but neither felt anything anymore. He remembers a game of his childhood but then it is pushed out by the broadcast that comes on the telescreen. Eurasia is once again the enemy. His heart fills with love for Big Brother. Reaction The party knows the worse nightmare of each person and is ble to use that against them. It worked on Winston. Finnally he gives in and the party has won. Quotes He did not attempt to kiss her, nor did they speekHe loved Big Brother

Complete Listing of Retired Hurricane Names

Complete Listing of Retired Hurricane Names Anyone who watches the weather on TV has heard meteorologists  referring to tropical storms and hurricanes by peoples names, alternating male and female names, alphabetically. The names used each year for the storms in the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean come from six lists of 21 names, established by the World  Meteorological  Society, that rotate in a cycle in a system that dates back to the 1950s, though the naming convention has evolved over time. For example, the six-year cycle of permanent lists began in 1979. Uncommon letters for first names, such as U, X, Y, Q, and Z, are skipped. Tropical Storm or a Hurricane? Hurricane season typically starts June 1 and ends Nov. 30. To become classified as a tropical storm, a tropical depression needs to graduate to having sustained winds of more than 39 miles per hour; after 79 mph, a storm becomes a hurricane. When there are more than 21 storms big enough to be named, like happened in 2005, Katrinas year, the Greek alphabet letters come into play for names.   When Are Names Retired? Usually, the six lists of names for tropical storms and hurricanes repeat. However, if there is an unusually large or damaging hurricane, the name is retired by the World Meteorological Organization’s hurricane committee because using it again could be considered insensitive and could also cause confusion. Then that name is replaced on its list with another short, distinctive name of the same letter as the name retired. The first hurricane name retired was Carol, a category 3 hurricane (up to 129 mph winds) at its worst when it hit landfall Aug. 31, 1954, in the Northeast. It caused more than 60 deaths and more than $460 million in damage. Storm surges in Providence, Rhode Island, reached 14.4 feet (4.4 m), and a quarter of the citys downtown ended up underneath 12 feet of water (3.7 m). Using the criteria of extensive damage and loss of life could lead Harvey, Irma, and Maria to be under consideration for retirement, after devastating Texas, Florida, and Puerto Rico, among other areas, in 2017.   Retired Hurricane Names, Alphabetically Agnes (1972)Alicia (1983)Allen (1980)Allison (tropical storm, 2001)Andrew (1992)Anita (1977)Audrey (1957)Betsy (1965)Beulah (1967)Bob (1991)Camille (1969)Carla (1961)Carmen (1974)Carol (1954)Celia (1970)Cesar (1996)Charley (2004)Cleo (1964)Connie (1955)David (1979)Dean (2007)Dennis (2005)Diana (1990)Diane (1955)Donna (1960)Dora (1964)Edna (1968)Elena (1985)Eloise (1975)Erika (2015)Fabian (2003)Felix (2007)Fifi (1974)Flora (1963)Floyd (1999)Fran (1996)Frances (2004)Frederic (1979)Georges (1998)Gilbert (1988)Gloria (1985)Gustav (2008)Hattie (1961)Hazel (1954)Hilda (1964)Hortense (1996)Hugo (1989)Igor (2010)Ike (2008)Inez (1966)Ingrid (2013)Ione (1955)Irene (2011)Iris (2001)Isabel (2003)Isidore (2002)Ivan (2004)Janet (1955)Jeanne (2004)Joan (1988)Joaquin (2015)Juan (2003)Katrina (2005)Keith (2000)Klaus (1990)Lenny (1999)Lili (2002)Luis (1995)Marilyn (1995)Matthew (2016)Michelle (2001)Mitch (1998)Noel (2007)Opal (1995)Otto (2016)Paloma (2008)Rita (2005)Roxanne (1995)Sandy (2012)Stan (200 5) Tomas (2010)Wilma (2005)

19 Terms to Know from Homeric Epic

19 Terms to Know from Homeric Epic The following terms or concepts help characterize epic poetry. Try to find them when you read the Iliad, Odyssey, or Aeneid. Aidos: shame, can range from a sense of respect to disgrace Aition: cause, origin Anthropomorphism: Literally, turning into a human being. Gods and goddesses are anthropomorphized when they take on human qualities Arete: virtue, excellence Aristeia: a warriors prowess or excellence; a scene in battle where the warrior finds his (or her) finest moment Ate: blindness, madness, or folly that the gods may impose with or without the fault of the human. Dactylic Hexameter: the meter of epic has 6 dactylic feet in a line. A dactyl is a long syllable followed by two short. In English, this meter winds up sounding sing-songy. Daktylos is a word for a finger, which, with its 3 phalanges, is like a finger. Dolos: trickery Geras: a gift of honor In medias res into the middle of things, the epic story begins in the middle of things and reveals the past with narratives and flashbacks Invocation: at the start of epic, the poet calls upon the Goddess or Muse. The poet either believes or adopts the stance that the poem couldnt be composed without divine inspiration. Kleos: fame, especially immortal, for a deed. From a word for that which is heard, kleos is renown. Kleos can also refer to praise poetry.See Reading Epic: an Introduction to the Ancient Narratives, by Peter Toohey Moira: portion, share, lot in life, destiny Nemesis: righteous indignation Nostoi: (singular: nostos) return voyages Penthos: grief, suffering Timē: honor, should be proportionate to arete Xenia (Xeinia): bond of guest-friendship (xenos/xeinos: host/guest) Personification: treating an abstract or inanimate object as if it were living

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Management Accounting - Essay Example Management accounting determines the success or failure of an organization. Moreover, it is very essential in the appropriate decision making. The main aim of a management accounting report is to provide logical information about the business and the functioning of it in all the levels of an organization. â€Å"The process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating information for the pursuit of an organization's goals.† (Managerial accounting. 2007).Due to the changes that have been taking place in the accounting field, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve the managerial accounting techniques and procedures. Obtaining adequate information required for the organization is the main driving force for change. In order to gain the organizational goals, it is necessary to implement the relevant managerial accounting policies effectively. Increased competition requires adequate changes in the management techniques. Earlier, management ac counting was mainly concerned with the determination of cost, control of finance, and the like. It was also used in order to minimize the wastage of resources. In addition to this, the management accountant is also responsible for the preparation of accounting statements effectively.... "Financial accounting is something performed to agreed standards and principles (GAAP) designed to fairly and accurately report the true worth of a business to its owners and its true profits to the tax collector. Management accounting, on the other hand, is a mechanism for using a financial metric (dollars) as a normalizing mechanism for making decision about (often vastly) different choices and alternatives." (Anderson 2005). In order to mitigate the existing difficulties associated with the concept of managerial accounting and its principles and policies, it is necessary to undertake effective implementation strategy and the reinvention of management accountants. The organizational customs and its environmental factors are also effecting this reinvention to certain extend. Management accounting principles and its applications are fundamental for the preparation of financial statements and report to the entity so as to take appropriate future decisions. Management accounting highly concentrates on taking the most relevant decision required within the organization, and it is necessary to obtain the proper information about the entity to facilitate decision making, and such information should be more accurate in nature. As Professor Lee D Parker suggests, reinventing the management accountant is a fundamental concept to improve the efficiency of the subject of management accounting. For this, more talented and eligible personalities are required for the organization for controlling the area of accounts and finance. As a result of this, it is very clear from the fact that the management accountant, their role, duties, and responsibilities are widely increasing day by day, due to the technological innovations made by the

How Higher Education is more than Academics- A Reflection on the Essay

How Higher Education is more than Academics- A Reflection on the Decision Making Process - Essay Example The objective of higher learning institution is to ensure that the learners get sufficient knowledge that will enable them to be important members of the society. This Calls for the cooperation of the students since they are the beneficiaries. The aim of this paper is to discuss the decision-making process of students in higher learning institutions; and why they should remain honest and not break the honor code. In every learning institution examinations are used to rate the academic qualifications of the students. The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education has offered a proper definition of academic standards as precise levels of academic achievement employed in the explanation and gauging of academic needs and accomplishments (Materu, 55). The University code requires students to embrace honesty in their tests and class assignments. In the academic life, students usually face the challenge in deciding on ethics and choice. When it comes to examinations and assignments, it is usually the decision of the student to behave ethically and embrace honesty in his or her work or to choose to take part in illegal group discussion or to copy the work from the internet. The decision a student makes pertaining the testing and assignments, will affect him positively or negatively. For instance if a student decides to cheat in an examination, it is a very risky decision because if he is caught, he is likely to be discontinued from the University if proved guilty (Forest & Kinser, 280). This will be a very big loss to the student and the society since the student will not attain his academic goal, thus hindering him from pursuing his or her career. It is important for the students to embrace honesty since dishonesty is destructive to the victims, parents, the instructors and the colleagues. Whenever the college education of a student is terminated, everyone feels the loss. The students should work hard by ensuring that

Reassuring aspects in the three stories Essay Example for Free

Reassuring aspects in the three stories Essay The aim of this essay is to explore the three texts (The Stolen Bacillus, Hop Frog, and The Adventure of the Speckled Band) and to consider which aspects of the three stories affect us, how they influence us, and why they cause concern or console, either disturbing or reassuring us. It is concluded that there are many disturbing and reassuring aspects in the stories dependant on the perspective one may adopt. The word disturbing means to agitate the mind, causing distress, worry, or anxiety. The word reassuring means to restore confidence and relieve anxiety. These two definitions will help me with my investigation by giving me a guideline to work with. To get an understanding as to why different writers may have written the way that they did, I will consider the background information of the period the author was writing in and any aspects which would affect his subject material and style of writing. H. G. Wells was writing at the end of the nineteenth century at a time where there was a rapid social and industrial change, and he had a personal interest in social justice, science and politics. This is reflected in his writing as there is the bacteriologist (relating to science) and the anarchist (pertaining to social justice and politics). These issues in his work would disturb a reader of Wells time because subjects such as the social and industrial changes would be on the readers minds, and therefore cause anxiety if he were to write about them in a negative way. Edgar Allan Poe was expelled from university for drunkenness and debt, and later court martialled from the army for drunkenness again. Poes association with alcohol in real life is reflected in his story which has many references to alcohol within it. These references would disturb readers because Poe would be able to write a distressing truth about the affects of alcohol, because he himself had experienced it, and he wrote at a time when the truth was censored from the public. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote at a time when the British had an empire in India, this is referred to in his story as Dr. Roylott went out to do a medical degree in Calcutta, and also served a prison sentence there. This would provide a factor in the story with which readers may be able to associate with, and would either disturb or reassure them depending on the way theyd previously felt about the empire in India, and how it is depicted in Doyles writing. The settings and surroundings of a story can be used to great consequence when enhancing the effect of a disturbing or reassuring aspect of a tale. Arthur Conan Doyle uses his description of Stoke Moran intelligently in order to increase the disturbing nature of the whole plot of the story. The author uses very gothic features in the Speckled Band. For example, there is reference to the middle ages as Dr. Roylott comes from one of the oldest Saxon families in England which is an illustration of one gothic feature. Another gothic trait is Stoke Morans gloomy setting, the writer depicts: from amid the branches there jutted out the gray gables and high roof tree of a very old mansion. A further gothic characteristic expressed in Doyles writing is the ventilator in Helens room. Secret passages and hidden doors are another common attribute of a gothic story, and the additional detail that the ventilator is mysteriously placed in an impractical position (what a fool a builder must be to open a ventilator into another room, when, for the same trouble, he might have communicated with the outside air! ) gives it another gothic edge as mysteries were a very frequent mark of a gothic tale. In addition to Stoke Morans gothic nature, the fact that the whole place is isolated and has a gloomy history further emphasizes any disturbing aspects introduced by the author. Arthur Conan Doyles descriptions of Stoke Moran are a great example of a dramatic structure used to augment the effectiveness of the disturbing aspects of the storyline when they emerge. This is because Doyle firstly communicates with us subliminally about the disturbing aspects of his tale via his setting descriptions, therefore giving himself some foundations on which to build up a more effective impact on his reader when he wants to disturb them.

Ethnographic study at McDonalds Essay -- globalization

This essay focuses on the topic of globalization, taking along several other factors with it. Increasingly in the world, it becomes obvious that the globalization is affecting almost all the businesses of the world. Every market in some way or the other is following the principles of globalization. For example, McDonalds is a chain of restaurants working in collaboration to deliver their customers with the best product and to achieve this McDonalds follows the concepts of globalization. This essay will discuss anc ethnographic study at McDonalds examining whether it confirms or denies the claims made about globalization. The ethnographic study took place at McDonalds’ shop, Leeds, local market in the afternoon of Monday, 17th January 2011. From away I could observe the huge logo of McDonalds. I stood at the entrance and stared at the shop for few seconds. The shop was far more elegant than the average McDonald’s. The interior has a minimal style with posh chairs, tables, black art deco fixtures, beautiful paintings and attractive lights and draperies. There were large windows so it was impossible for customers to see into the Harvey Nichols store. Also, outside were window boxed filled with flowers or greenery. I could hear some relaxing music. At first glance, I noticed that customers were people with different age groups, genders, ethnic classes, social classes and cultural backgrounds. The language which was more spoken was English. [Without thinking, I was moving towards the counter, I faced] the girl behind the counter [; she] was wearing a red t-shirt with a cap and a hut. She see med to be in a rush to handle the orders. Despite that, she was friendly and with a smile on the face to welcome the customers. The most co... ...International Economics. Krishnan, R. (1996). The first revolt against globalization. Monthly Review, vol.48, no.1. Krugman, P. (1994). Does Third World Growth Hurt First World Prosperity? Harvard business review Oman, C. (1994). Globalisation and regionalisation: the challenge for developing countries. Paris: Development Centre studies. Osland, S.J. (2003). Broadening the Debate, the Pros and Cons of Globalization. Journal of Management inquiry, Vol. 12 no. 2, pp.137-154 Rodrik, D. (1997). Has Globalization Gone Too Far. Washington: Institute for International Economics. Rosenau, N. J. (2006). The Study of World Politics: Globalization and governance. Abingdon: Routledge. Valaskakis, K. (1998). The challenge of strategic governance: Can globalization be managed? Optimum, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 26-40. http://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/ (accessed 15/01/2011)

Compare and contrast two theories/models of relationships Essay

There are two main theories applied to relationships, Social Exchange Theory and Equity Theory underpin commonly used behavioural therapies such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Integrative Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. More recent studies in neuroscience and behaviour and the importance of language have led to the development of Relational Frame Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as an alternative approach. In this essay I will outline the relationship models comparing and contrasting them. I will also introduce and briefly touch on Relational Frame Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as an additional approach to couples counselling and offer considerations which an integrative therapist might need to take into account when offering counselling to couples. Social Exchange Theory explores interactions between two parties by examining the costs and beneï ¬ ts to each. The theory proposed by Homans in 1958 is not exclusively applied to relationships as it also explores all social systems and considers the power balance within those systems. The key point of the theory is that it assumes the two parties are both giving and receiving items of value from each other. Under this theory, relationships are only likely to continue if both parties feel they are coming out of the exchange with more than they are giving up–that is, if there is a positive amount of benefit for both parties involved. Homans’ work to define and understand society was based around the study of human behaviour in terms of cost and reward. This understanding of behaviour is recognised also in the work of Pavlow and Skinner. Homan later went on to apply his theory to relationships proposing in his Disruptive Justice hypothesis that as human beings we expect a relationship to be proportional and if the reward or reciprocity falls short of the cost we become dissatisfied and are more likely to end a relationship. However he also proposed that if one party perceives that the reward outweighs the cost provided but the other half of the relationship is content the relationship will be satisfactory. Homans (1958, P.606) â€Å"Social behavior is an exchange of goods, material goods but also  non-material ones, such as the symbols of approval or prestige. Persons that give much to others try to get much from them, and persons that get much from others are under pressure to give much to them. This process of influence tends to work out at equilibrium to a balance in the exchanges. For a person in an exchange, what he gives may be a cost to him, just as what he gets may be a reward, and his behavior changes less as the difference of the two, profit, tends to a maximum.† In relationships Homan proposed that the reward is more valuable to the individual if it reinforces our self esteem or provides social approval especially in areas of life where we feel insecure and we are drawn to a partner who provides this more than rewards or approval for things we already rate ourselves for. In return we provide the same kind of strokes to our partner reinforcing and boosting their esteem in areas in which they feel most insecure. This is referred to as the principle of satiation. The costs in a fulfilling relationship can be divided into three categories: Investment costs- mental energy and emotional investment , Direct costs – time, financial and material investments and Opportunity costs- personal sacrifices to benefit the relationship. Because all behaviour is costly in that it requires an expenditure of energy on the part of the individual, only those behaviours that are rewarded or that produce the least cost tend to be repeated. Thus, social exchanges take on an air of consistency in that patterns of rewards often remain stable in social relationships. Thibault and Kelley in 1959 developed a 4 stage model of long term relationships based on Homans social exchange theory research. Thibault and Kelley applied two basic concepts to their work. Firstly, that all human interaction is motivated by perceived rewards for the action and second relates to how that influences the nature of relationships. The four stages Sampling, Bargaining, Commitment and Institutionalisation describe how a relationship forms and settles. The theory is predominantly behaviourist and assumes that humans operate as rational beings making decisions based on costs and benefits and that their decision making is motivated by the desire to get basic individual needs met. The first stage in the model, Sampling, is exploring the costs and rewards of various interactions through a number of different friendships and relationships and observing various people in their relationships in order to discern what works and what doesn’t. Psychologists interpret the  social behaviour of adolescents and young people as they flit from one relationship/friendship to another as this sampling stage in action. Bargaining is the natural progression undertaken as a new relationship is under consideration. What’s in it for me? If I do/give this what will I get in return? At this stage attraction based around similar attitudes or constructs are explored with a view to establishing the viability of a possible relationship. Both parties might ask themselves ‘Is it going to be worthwhile investing in this?’ Commitment follows when the two parties know enough about each other to develop the ability to predict each others’ behaviour and therefore elicit reward/pleasure/satisfaction from each other. Institutionalisation is the final stage when the two parties know what to expect from each other and settle into established norms. Equity Theory was developed from Social Exchange Theory by Walster in 1978. Elaine Hatfield worked closely with Walster and Ellen Berscheid in the seventies to understand the human concept of social justice. She says According to Equity theory, people feel most comfortable when they are getting exactly what they deserve from their relationships—no more and certainly no less. Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology. Hatfield, E. & Rapson, R. L. Glyph International 2011. She also says of her work with Walster and Bercheid We believed that a concern with fairness was a cultural universal. We were convinced that during humankind’s long evolutionary heritage, a concern with social justice came to be writ in the mind’s â€Å"architecture† because such values possessed survival value. Such concerns were maintained, we thought, because behaving fairly continued to be a wise and profitable strategy in today’s world. Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology. Hatfield, E. & Rapson, R. L. Glyph International 2011. It is recognised that throughout history, societies have had different visions as to what constitutes â€Å"social justice,† â€Å"fairness,† and â€Å"equity† and that these differences still influence perspectives on what social  justice means to the individual and to different societies across the globe. Furthermore their ongoing research takes into consideration the current shifts within society towards gender equality and how this influences relationships. Equity Theory is essentially based around balance within a relationship and can be summarised by 4 key principles. 1.People will try to maximise reward and minimise unpleasant experience in a relationship 2.Rewards can be shared out in different ways and people will decide on what they agree to be a fair system 3.An unfair or inequitable relationship causes personal distress 4.A person in an inequitable relationship will attempt to restore balance and the degree to which the relationship is unfair the harder they will try to restore the balance. Both theories are based around the assumption that relationships develop out of a fair exchange or trading of costs and rewards. Equity Theory although it takes into account societal changes is less concerned with society and is more concerned with individuals and how they perceive justice. The main difference between the two theories is that where Exchange Theory would propose that people would leave a relationship as it is if they felt they were in the advantaged position where rewards are concerned, Equity Theory suggests that the person would be driven to restore the equity within an unbalanced relationship by either reducing their input or increasing their outputs. Exchange Theory is more concerned with under-benefit as a disadvantage but Equity Theory places a greater emphasis on both under-benefit and over-benefit. Under-benefits are likely to provoke a sense of anger and resentment and over-benefits are likely to provoke a sense of guilt. Either scenario can become unbearable to the party experiencing either anger or guilt resulting in them attempting to re-establish balance. If this does not appear to work, it is likely that the relationship will breakdown as an equilibrium has not been reached. Both theories can be useful tools for a therapist in couples counselling in order to discern where a couple is at within their relationship and to help them move towards a state of balance or equity when it has been lost. They both provide the basis from which to look at the behaviour of each  individual within a relationship, to consider how it might have changed and how levels of reciprocity have become distorted leading to the experience of over/under benefit and thus to create tools to realign the behaviour and expectations to help regain balance within the relationship as a whole. There have however been some criticisms of early studies of relationships because they do not consider individual developmental changes which occur in life and which may alter the balance in a relationship or place adequate emphasis on the effects of outside factors which influence an individual’s thinking and consequent behaviour within a relationship, such a family expectations, early role modelling, messages received and fused with about the self from others such as parents. This can be particularly relevant in terms of negative thinking, pain avoidant behaviours, rule following and rigid thinking. In terms of applying behaviour therapy to couples counselling the therapist will want to look at what interpretations a client is making about a situation and the beliefs they hold based on previous experience and how this then shapes their response or behaviour toward their partner. They will look at where the belief was formed through a process of where? When? Who? and What happened? questions in order to help reframe the past and detach it from the present thus helping the client’s view to change and become more rational in the current situation. In Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy a branch of CBT, using the ABC model, the theory distinguishes between rational and irrational beliefs and seeks to correct irrational beliefs which lead to self defeating behaviours. ‘People are not disturbed by things; rather they disturb themselves when they hold irrational beliefs about things. When they hold rational beliefs they respond healthily to things’ CBT tips for a fulfilling life Windy Dryden Hodder Education 2012 Studies of behaviour from the perspective of a Relational Frame Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be applied to understanding relationships issues and provide a slightly different perspective  emphasising the nuances of language and how they affect function within a relationship and focussing on values and actions as a priority in terms of repairing harmony. RFT sees language and cognition as relational framing, an operant ability that develops through exposure to many kinds of verbal interactions . ‘The goal of integrative behavioural couples therapy is to ‘help couples shift the context, rather than just the content, of their interactions, embracing conflict as a part of relationships and working toward a greater understanding and acceptance of each other’ ACT & RFT in Relationships Dahl, Stewart, Martell & Caplan Context Press 2013 There are many similarities in this approach, for example applying RFT in the context of relationships considers how individuals derive expectations in relationships based on earlier experiences and from perspectives acquired in the past which lead to the generation of self rules and ideals of what the future ‘should’ look like and how a partner ‘should’ behave. The subtle difference lies in the 2 key elements of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, acceptance of psychological events and commitment to values. It offers the couple the opportunity to identify self defeating patterns of behaviour, encouraging clients to embrace the painful aspects of such negative thinking with self compassion and to accept that suffering and pain are intrinsic part of life and moreover relationship experience. The therapist will help the clients to identify values in all domains of life, perhaps through the use of a Values Compass which identifies 10 separate domains, Work, Leisure, Caregiving, Family, Intimate Relations, Community Involvement, Spirituality, Education and Personal Development, Health and Social network. Clients will be encouraged to identify the reinforcing qualities which support each domain and to then rate how highly they are attending to each domain. This exercise can help couples see where there might be imbalances. By associating each value with it’s reinforcing qualities the clients can see for themselves and for each other how balance in all domains is essential to maintain balance in their relationship or how a lack of balance might lead them to seek compensatory reinforcement from each other. By doing this exercise the individuals concerned can develop a greater understanding of  their needs and how they can get their needs met. In understanding why some areas of their lives have been neglected and recognising the self defeating behaviours which lead to this imbalance they develop self compassion and then extend this to compassion and acceptance for each other. In this kind of therapy couples will learn to recognise and apply flexibility of thought and action, self compassion, compassion, acceptance, mindfulness, self –as –context and values and committed action increasing the potential for balance within themselves and thus enabling a more supporting relationship wit h each other. Whatever approach a therapist takes there will be a recognition that the therapy will be more effective if it is holistic and integrative. The Chrysalis TIME model provides a sound basis from which to start all therapy. It is also essential for the therapist to consider the wider social implications and ethical issues surrounding relationships before proceeding with any kind of therapeutic intervention. Cultural differences, religious beliefs, geographic origins, social status, educational backgrounds and family history all influence how an individual perceives a successful relationship and set criteria and rules for that relationship and thus how they might expect therapy to help when things go wrong. One key consideration in couples counselling which is more relevant in westernised society today is that many relationships are founded on love – or an idea of love, whereas historically marriage contracts were based on other factors such as status, financial security etc. For many people entering into a new relationship one of the driving factors are the feelings and emotions derived from the behaviour of the other person. This as the basis for a relationship is not without its’ problems since initial highly charged emotions and feelings wane as a relationship develops and matures and deeper connections are necessary for quality and longevity. It is also essential that the therapist applies relevant learning of client centred counselling to ensure that the therapy is client led and balanced, so that neither party feels that the therapist is lacking a position of neutrality, whilst maintaining an empathic and understanding approach to both individuals. The skilled therapist will be aware of the power balance  between the 2 parties through careful observation of body language and choice of language by the clients and active attunement. They will maintain an approach of acceptance and non judgement even though their clients may not and will not be drawn by one over the other or allow one to dominate the sessions. All parties must feel safe, demonstrate a willingness to engage in the process and have a clear idea of, ideally, a shared goal for the therapy. An ethical therapist will not see couples clients separately or set up couples counselling where they have previously counselled one party.

Business Ethics-Written Assignment for Module 2 Essay

1. Shaw and Barry distinguish two different forms of utilitarianism. What are these two forms. Briefly describe each and use examples. Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism are the two different forms of utilitarianism that Shaw and Barry distinguish. Utilitarianism refers to the greatest happiness principle for the most amounts of people. Act utilitarianism â€Å"states that we must ask ourselves what the consequences of a particular act in a particular situation will be for all those affected. If its consequences bring more net good than those of any alternative course of action, then this action is the right one and the one we should perform† (Shaw and Barry, pg.60). I look at this as to mean when choosing between two alternative acts in a situation then the right act is the one that brings the best result or the most happiness, basically the consequences of a single act. Rule utilitarianism â€Å"maintains that the utilitarian standard should be applied not to individual actions but to moral codes as a whole. The principles that make up that code would then be the basis for distinguishing right actions from wrong actions† (Shaw and Barry, pg.77). I look at this to me at measuring the consequences of the act repeated over and over again as if it was a rule whenever there are similar situations. 2. What do economists mean by the â€Å"declining marginal utility of money†? Declining marginal utility of money stated by Shaw and Barry as â€Å"simply means that successive additions to one’s income produce, on average, less happiness or welfare that did earlier additions† (Shaw and Barry, pg.112). I look at this as with every additional dollar or good, the value and happiness declines, the additional dollar or good loses its initial feeling or worth compared to the previous additions. A good example would be someone would really enjoy a piece of chocolate cake, and if offered a second piece they may agree that they would still enjoy it, but not as much as the first piece, and finally given a third piece of chocolate cake, they would be so full from the first two pieces then they wouldn’t be as happy since eating the first piece of chocolate cake. So for every extra piece of chocolate cake there would be less happiness from the previous piece. 3. Robert Nozick presents his entitlement theory as a function of three basic principles. What are these three basic principles? Nozick’s entitlement theory is a theory of justice and how society regulates the distribution of goods, money and property. â€Å"All that matters for Noziak is how people came to have what they have, not the pattern or results of the distribution of goods.† (Shaw and Barry, pg.115) His entitlement theory comprises of three main principles which were: 1. A principle of justice in acquisition – This principle deals with the initial acquisition of holdings. It is an account of how people first come to own common property, what types of things can be held, and so forth. 2. A principle of justice in transfer – This principle explains how one person can acquire holdings from another, including voluntary exchange and gifts. 3. A principle of rectification of injustice – how to deal with holdings that are unjustly acquired or transferred, whether and how much victims can be compensated, how to deal with long past transgressions or injustices done by a government, and so on. What is principle of justice in acquisition? Our book gives us an analogy concerning basketball player, Wilt Chamberlain that was used by Nozick. The idea behind this is that Wilt Chamberlain was a very talent basketball player and people were willing to pay a certain amount of money to see him play. In Wilt Chamberlain’s contact it stated that he would get X amount for each ticket purchased, due to his talent of playing basketball. Over the course of the year he is entitled to a portion of the tickets sold. Wilt Chamberlain become very wealthy as a result of the amount of tickets sold and his contact with the team he played for since his contact stated he get X amount for each ticket purchased. He has every right to become wealthy and acquire money as a result of the free choice of people voluntarily purchasing the basketball tickets to see him play. This is an example of how the money exchanged was rightfully acquired. What is principle of justice in transfer? A good example of justice of transfer would be if a landowner justly owns twenty acres of property and he freely sells ten acres to his neighbor for a specific amount of money. This would be justice of transfer since the landlord is willing to sell the property and his neighbor is willing to purchase and they both agree on the terms. The landowner would now have ten less acres of property but he would be X amount wealthier and his neighbor will now have ten additional acres and X amount less. Both parties agreed on the terms and neither leave worse off than prior to the transaction. What is principle of rectification of injustice? Basically how to restore something to its rightful owner, in case of injustice in either acquisition or transfer. A good example we could use is back giving an example of a football quarterback. The quarterback contact stated that he would get X amount for each ticket purchased. What happens if he is injured at the beginning of the season and doesn’t play any games except for the first three games? Is he still entitlement to the X amount per ticket or just a portion of the total? The contact doesn’t state anything about if he was injured and didn’t play. So should the quarterback be entitlement to the extra money. It may feel injustice since he didn’t play the majority of the games, but since his contact stated that he gets X amount per ticket then he is entitlement to the entire amount. The team doesn’t feel that he should get the entire amount. The team only gives him a portion of the money. The quarterback has the right to rectify and claim the entire amount since his contact doesn’t have a specific clause regarding being injured. He would have legal action to go after the team to pay him the entire amount. 4. Two main features of John Rawls’s theory of distributive justice are particularly important. What are these two features? Describe them. Rawl’s theory of distributive justice have two main features that are described in the textbook (Shaw and Barry, pg.122): 1. Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive total system of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all. I see this feature as saying each individual should have the equal rights or opportunities, basically not to restrict or deny the freedom of each person involved. 2. Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions. First, they are to be attached to positions and offices open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and second, they are to be to the greatest expected benefit of the least advantaged members of society. I see this feature as saying that there is social and economic inequalities and they may not be wrong or bad. These inequalities shouldn’t benefit the least well off. It doesn’t matter where a person was born into the social ladder. 5. What is the MAXIMIN rule for making decisions? According to our textbook the MAXIMIN rule states â€Å"you should select the alternative under which the worst that could happen to you is better than the worst that could happen to you under any other alternative-that is, you should try to maximize the minimum that you will receive.† (Shaw and Barry, pg.122). Basically it is stating that the rule is if there are more than one choice, the best decision rule is to consider the one with the least worst consequence for the best possible choice. 6. What is the role of the â€Å"veil of ignorance† in Rawls’ theory of distributive justice? According to our textbook the role of the veil of ignorance in Rawl’s theory â€Å"eliminates bias and makes the original position a fair way of choosing principles.† (Shaw and Barry, pg.121). I see at the method for determining the morality of an issue no matter what social role one may play, it is only how one truly considers the morality of a certain position. 7. According to Shaw and Barry, deciding what sort of economic arrangements would best promote human happiness requires the utilitarian to consider many things. What are the five considerations mentioned by Shaw and Barry? The five considerations mentioned in our textbook (Shaw and Barry, pg.111): 1. The type of economic ownership (private, public, mixed). 2. The way of organizing production and distribution in general (pure laissez faire, markets with government planning and regulation, fully centralized planning). 3. The type of authority arrangements within the units of production (worker control versus managerial prerogative. 4. The range and character of material incentives. 5. The nature and extent of social security and welfare provisions.

The Original 13 States of the United States

The Original 13 States of the United States The first 13 states of the United States of America were comprised of the original British colonies established between 17th and 18th centuries. While the first English settlement in North America was the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, established 1607, the permanent 13  colonies were established as follows: The New England Colonies New Hampshire Province, chartered as a British colony in 1679Massachusetts Bay Province chartered as a British colony in1692Rhode Island Colony chartered as a British colony in 1663Connecticut Colony chartered as a British colony in 1662 The Middle Colonies New York Province, chartered as a British colony in 1686New Jersey Province, chartered as a British colony in 1702Pennsylvania Province, a proprietary colony established in 1681Delaware Colony (before 1776, the Lower Counties on the Delaware River), a proprietary colony established in 1664 The Southern Colonies Maryland Province, a proprietary colony established in 1632Virginia Dominion and Colony, a British colony established in 1607Carolina Province, a proprietary colony established 1663Divided Provinces of North and South Carolina, each chartered as British colonies in 1729Georgia Province, a British colony established in 1732 Establishment of the 13 States The 13 states were officially established by the Articles of Confederation, ratified on March 1, 1781. The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states operating alongside a weak central government. Unlike the current power-sharing system of â€Å"federalism,† the Articles of Confederation bestowed most governmental powers to the states. The need for a stronger national government soon became apparent and eventually led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. The United States Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation on March 4, 1789.The original 13 states recognized by the Articles of Confederation were (in chronological order): Delaware (ratified the Constitution on December 7, 1787)Pennsylvania (ratified the Constitution on December 12, 1787)New Jersey (ratified the Constitution on December 18, 1787)Georgia (ratified the Constitution on January 2, 1788)Connecticut (ratified the Constitution on January 9, 1788)Massachusetts (ratified the Constitution on February 6, 1788)Maryland (ratified the Constitution on April 28, 1788)South Carolina (ratified the Constitution on May 23, 1788)New Hampshire (ratified the Constitution on June 21, 1788)Virginia (ratified the Constitution on June 25, 1788)New York (ratified the Constitution on July 26, 1788)North Carolina (ratified the Constitution on November 21, 1789)Rhode Island (ratified the Constitution on May 29, 1790) Along with the 13 North American colonies, Great Britain also controlled New World colonies in present-day Canada, the Caribbean, as well as East and West Florida by 1790. Today, the process by which U.S. territories attain full statehood is left largely to the discretion of Congress under Article IV, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, which states, in part, â€Å"The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   Brief History of the US Colonies While the Spanish were among the first Europeans to settle in the â€Å"New World,† England had by the 1600s established itself as the dominant governing presence along the Atlantic coast of what would become the United States. The first English colony in America was founded in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. Many of the settlers had come to the New World to escape religious persecution or in hopes of economic gains. In September 1620, the Pilgrims, a group of oppressed religious dissidents from England, boarded their ship, the Mayflower and set sail for the New World. Arriving off the coast of what is now Cape Cod in November 1620, they established a settlement at Plymouth, Massachusetts. After surviving great initial hardships in adjusting to their new homes, colonists in both Virginia and Massachusetts thrived with the well-publicized assistance of nearby Native American tribes. While increasingly large crops of corn kept them fed, tobacco in Virginia provided them with a lucrative source of income. By the early 1700s a growing share of the colonies’ population was comprised of African slaves. By 1770, the population of Britain’s 13 North American colonies had grown to more than 2 million people. By the early 1700s enslaved Africans made up a growing percentage of the colonial population. By 1770, more than 2 million people lived and worked in Great Britains 13 North American colonies. Government in the Colonies On November 11, 1620, before establishing their Plymouth Colony, the Pilgrims drafted the Mayflower Compact, a social contract in which they basically agreed that they would govern themselves. The powerful precedent for self-government set by the Mayflower Compact would be reflected in the system of public town meetings that guided colonial governments across New England. While the 13 colonies were indeed  allowed a high degree of self-government, the British system of mercantilism ensured that the colonies existed purely to benefit the economy of the  mother country. Each colony was allowed to develop its own limited government, which operated under a colonial governor appointed by and answerable to the British Crown. With the exception of the British-appointed governor, the colonists freely elected their own government representatives who were required to administer the English system of â€Å"common law.† Significantly, most decisions of the local colonial governments had to be reviewed and approved by both the colonial governor and the British Crown. A system which would become more cumbersome and contentious as the colonies grew and prospered. By the 1750s, the colonies had started dealing with each other in matters concerning their economic interests, often without consulting the British Crown. This led to a growing feeling of American identity among the colonists who began to demand that the Crown protect their â€Å"Rights as Englishmen,† particularly the right of â€Å"no taxation without representation.† The colonists’ continued and growing grievances with the British government under the rule of King George III would lead to the colonists’ issuance of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the American Revolution, and eventually, the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Today, the American flag prominently displays thirteen horizontal red and white stripes representing the original thirteen colonies.

Where to Find FreeSSAT Practice Tests Complete Collection

Where to Find FreeSSAT Practice Tests Complete Collection SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you (or your child) are applying to a private or independent elementary, middle, or high school, you may have heard of the SSAT. Often used as an entrance exam, the SSAT is a series of standardized tests that can be administered to students in grades 3-11. The SSAT, or Secondary School Admissions Test, is a standardized exam often given to students hoping to enter a private or independent elementary, middle, or high school. If you want to boost your chances of getting into one of these schools, working on SSAT practice tests is a great way to do it. Here, I’ll discuss where you can find these practice tests (both official and unofficial), and how you should use them. I’ll wrap up with important SSAT test-taking tips. What’s on the SSAT? There are three different levels of SSAT tests. The number and type of questions on the test will depend on students’ grade level: Elementary Level - For students applying to grades 4-5 Middle Level - For students applying to grades 6-8 High School Level - For students applying to grades 9-12 Although the content will vary based on level, you’ll find these sections on each of the tests: An unscored writing sample A quantitative/mathematics section A reading comprehension section A verbal section Official SSAT Practice Tests When it comes to preparing for any standardized test, official practice tests or sample questions are the gold standard for study material. Using real SSAT questions will help you better understand exactly what you should expect on test day. Unfortunately, there aren’t a ton of official practice materials out there - not as many students prep for the SSAT as for other standardized tests (like the SAT or ACT). Here’s where you can find these official materials: Sample Questions The SSAT publishes official sample questions for each level of the exam. These are free, but the amount of material available is extremely limited: Elementary-level sample questions Middle-level sample questions Upper-level sample questions The SSAT Official Guides The makers of the SSAT publish official test prep guides that include sample questions and full-length practice tests. These are the best available sources for practice materials, as the other official resources don’t give students many problems to work with. To get your hands on the most recent Middle and Upper-Level Official Guides (2015-2016), you’ll have to purchase them through the SSAT website. These guides include two full-length practice tests, scoring instructions and explanations, descriptions of question types, and information about registering for the SSAT. Both the Upper and Middle-Level guides cost $37 through the site. The most recent Elementary-Level Guides (2015-2016) arefree to download through the SSAT site, although they include less information and less practice material than the guides available for purchase. They eachinclude one half-length practice test, info on test format and question types, sample testing schedule, test day info, and preparation advice. There are separate guides available for students in Grade 3 and Grade 4. How to Use Official SSAT Practice Tests and Questions Because official practice problems are hard to come by, you’ll want to be careful with how you use them. Like I mentioned, using official SSAT tests is really important when it comes to getting a feel for different question types and overall test format. I encourage you to save any full-length tests for mimicking real testing conditions. This means following through with all test policies and timing instructions in a controlled setting - it’s best if you can sit through an entire practice test all at once. This will give you the best idea of what your performance will be like on the actual exam. As for the sampling of official SSAT questions provided on the website? These are great for question analysis. As part of your study plan, spend some time looking closely at these questions and thinking about what they’re asking and how they’re written (spend extra time on questions you get wrong). Official SSAT questions have their own style and logic (unofficial sources usually aren’t great at imitating these sorts of questions). If you notice you’re having difficulty with a certain question type, these sample questions will serve as great practice and review. You don’t need to replicate exact testing conditions, but you’ll get the best practice experience if you treat full-length tests like the real thing. Unofficial SSAT Practice Tests Since there isn’t that much practice material for the SSAT, you may end up turning to unofficial sources for practice tests. Ivy Global Ivy Global has free questions organized by level and section. They may be helpful for reviewing test content, but they shouldn’t be used to get a feel for actual SSAT questions and format - the style in which the questions are presented are pretty different from the actual test. The materials available for download are best used if you print them out and work on them by hand since the actual SSAT is done on paper, not on the computer. Varsity Tutors Varsity Tutors offers free Upper-level and Middle-level practice, with questions organized by skill type. These might serve well as supplemental material, but don’t expect them to look like official SSAT practice problems. 4tests.com The questions on 4test.com aren’t particularly similar to what you’d see on the SSAT. You can only see one question at a time, and you can only work on them online. Key SSAT Test Taking Tips Now that you have access to all of this prep material, you may be wondering what to do with it. Follow these tips and strategies to get the most out of your SSAT prep. Start With a Real Baseline Start with a full SSAT test to get a baseline score. It’s important to use an official test for this, as unofficial diagnostic tests won’t give you a good sense of what the SSAT is like or what your strengths and weaknesses are. You can’t get a valid baseline score without using one of those official SSAT practice tests. Practice Skills and Review Content With Unofficial Materials Supplements Once you have your baseline, analyze your mistakes and errors (link out) and focus on your weaknesses. Most serious weaknesses will be in content comprehension - use study materials like textbooks and notes to raise your scores. Use Official SSATs as Full Practice Tests After you’ve spent some time improving on your weaknesses, use official practice tests to test your knowledge and gain familiarity with test formatting. Take these exams under real testing conditions - time them properly and work in a quiet room with no distractions. What’s Next? The SSATsaren’t the only standardized tests out there for younger students. Read more about ACT Aspire and get your hands on official practice tests. Thinking about the future? Read about whether you should start prepping for the SAT/ACT in 7th or 8th grade.